Windsors starring on the set in 'Dead of Night' (1945)

My old friend Paul Noakes is a man with a great eye for detail and brilliant at clocking unusual items in strange contexts and unexpected places. His latest great spot is some Windsor chairs centre stage on the set of 'Dead of Night', a 1945 Ealing Studios horror production.

Publicity poster

Publicity poster

Much of the action in the film takes place in the sitting room of a house in the country. The room has two fine Windsor chairs.

Front view of Googie Withers sitting in Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire high smoker's Windsor; rear view of 18th century mahogany Windsor. L-R Anthony Baird as Hugh Grainger, Judy Kelly as Joyce Grainger, Roland Culver as Eliot Foley, Googie Withers as Joan Cortland, Mary Merrall as Mrs Foley and Frederick Valk as Dr. Van Straaten.

The 18th century mahogany Windsor is an uncommon type which I knew I had seen before.

Front view of 18th century mahogany Windsor. L-R: Frederick Valk as Dr. Van Straaten, Anthony Baird as Hugh Grainger, Googie Withers as Joan Cortland and Sally Ann Howes as Sally O'Hara.

Rear three-quarter view of 18th century mahogany Windsor, showing symmetrical bladed underarm support. Mervyn Johns as Walter Craig about to strangle Frederick Valk as Dr. Van Straaten.

The rear view jogged my memory of this chair sold by a Guernsey auctioneer in 2017. It is the same rare type.

'Garrick Chair' © Martel Maides 2017

The lot description read: "The Garrick Chair - a fine George II mahogany comb back Windsor arm chair, the back with a shaped and scratch moulded top rail, over bold, out-scrolled arms, the broad, shaped seat raised on four cabriole legs with pad feet, united by turned stretchers, 43¾in. (111cm.) high to top of back, 31in. (78.5cm.) max. width, 17¾in. (45cm.), height to seat. This is known as 'The Garrick Chair', and was reputedly bought at Mrs. Carr's 1839 sale at Garrick's Villa (previously Hampton House), whose husband Thomas Carr succeeded the famous English actor, playwright, theatre manager and producer David Garrick in the villa at Hampton near Richmond."

The history of Garrick's villa after his death in 1779 may be found here.

Similar mahogany chair © Woolley & Wallis 10 January 2018: A George III mahogany Windsor armchair, the comb top rail above a stick back and scroll arms, on cabriole legs united by an 'H' stretcher.

A further chair of this type was sold at Christie's New York on 21 March 2015 for $22,500: 

"LOT 1285 A GEORGE II SOLID MAHOGANY WINDSOR ARMCHAIR CIRCA 1750
With scroll-carved cresting and out-curved arms above a saddle seat on cabriole legs joined by stretchers."

The other chair which features in these scenes is a Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire (or more rarely Thames Valley) high smoker's Windsor.

Dr B D Cotton in The English Regional Chair (1990) at p. 94 re Figure TV222: 

"Best high smoker’s Windsor chair. Beech with elm top hoop, arms, raised arm section and seal, fruitwood splat. Attributed to High Wycombe, c. 1850-80. This form of chair was also made extensively in the Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire region [...] the Wycombe made versions are often characterised in having particularly vase shaped legs and narrower turnings to those adopted in the North. A number of the Wycombe manufacturers made this style of chair, an example of which is shown in the catalogue of Glenister and Gibbons (fl. 1865-79) [...] The cost of this style of chair was 8/- (40p) at the time that the catalogue was produced."

At pp. 193-4 Dr Cotton expands:

"The following group of [high back smokers'] chairs is typical of Yorkshire chairs made from the 1830s until about 1900, particularly in the major centres of Leeds, Sheffield and Hull. These are the high back splat Windsors which are characterised in having a sawn and shaped three-part arm [...] and are the largest of all the English Windsor chairs, made with heavy individual parts and large seats. These Windsors were called ‘smoking high’ chairs by the Nottinghamshire makers,and 'best high back smokers’by the Yorkshire makers. In recent years, broad arm’ Windsor has become common as a descriptive term, since it focuses on the relative distinction between the continuous bent narrow arm bow, typical of many Windsors, and the broad flattened shape utilised in the smoking high chairs.

The relatively large number of these chairs which has been recorded with makers’ stamps probably indicates both the popularity of this design, and the strong competition which existed between makers in the industrial towns of the West Riding of Yorkshire. This style of chair was made in a hierarchy of woods in the same way as those made in the Worksop, Nottinghamshire tradition where yew was the most prestigious wood, with cherry or alder next, and ash and elm being the least expensive option."

Front view of Googie Withers as Joan Cortland with Mervyn Johns as Walter Craig by the Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire high smoker's Windsor.

Front view of Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire high smoker's Windsor. L-R: Googie Withers as Joan Cortland, Frederick Valk as Dr. Van Straaten and Anthony Baird as Hugh Grainger.

Rear view of Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire high smoker's Windsor. L-R: Roland Culver as Eliot Foley, Googie Withers as Joan Cortland and Judy Kelly as Joyce Grainger.

An example from Yorkshire:

Yorkshire high smoker's Windsor stamped J Watson (of Skipton, Yorkshire).

An example from Nottinghamshire:

Nottinghamshire high smoker's Windsor stamped I Allsop (of Worksop, Nottinghamshire) © Museum of the Home

One other high back Windsor makes a fleeting appearance.

Nottinghamshire or Yorkshire Windsor, Naunton Wayne as Barry Potter

My thanks to Paul Noakes for spotting these chairs.

© Julian Parker 2021

Yorkshire compound-bent bow back Windsor armchair, with 6 long sticks, 4 short, turned underarms, turned legs, and H stretcher WS 219

Most people who visit this chair blog will know that I live in Lincolnshire, which accounts for all the chairs from that county on this site. However, I am fortunate to live very close to the Nottinghamshire border as well as being very close to Newark, which in turn means that it is so easy for me to visit the huge antique fair at the Newark showground several times every year. It has been a spectacular hunting ground for me in my search for vernacular furniture. Some of the dealers have got to recognise me and occasionally ask for my thoughts and advice on various pieces that they have brought along with them. Dave is one such dealer and I always make his pitch my first stop every time I visit the fair. He is from over the Humber Bridge in South Yorkshire and he kindly keeps interesting chairs in his van so that I can have first pick, which I really appreciate. 

Yorkshire compound-bent bow back Windsor armchair, with 6 long sticks, 4 short, turned underarms, turned legs through-mortised and wedged, with H stretcher WS 219

A couple of years ago he produced this chair from the back of his van and because it had its legs reduced in length and had been totally painted white, he said it was mine for a few pounds. I knew it was a Yorkshire Windsor chair and told him so, pointing out that it was worth more than he was asking for it. The rather bizarre negotiation then took place where I was talking the price up while he was happy with the first price that had been mentioned. In the end we met in the middle and we were both more than happy. 

It has the unique feature of the compound steam bent back bow, that is a hallmark of these Yorkshire Windsor chairs. Every component appears to be made from Ash wood with everything being contempory with its making and no replacement parts. If you look closely at the image, you will see that the legs are of differing designs - I have no doubt that it started life like this.

Legs through-mortised and wedged from above WS 219

Long sticks through back bow and wedged from above WS 219

Shortly afterwards, I took it along to Tim Garland in Lincoln to discuss the best way to do some sort of restoration work on it. Using stripper to clean off all the white paint was not an option so it was done the hard way - a little bit of scrapping at a time, so as to remove the white and leave as much as possible of its original green paint. Many thanks to Tim and his wife Vicky for doing such a fine job.

Before the paint was removed WS 219

Before the paint was removed WS 219

Underside of seat WS 219

© William Sergeant 2021

Yorkshire compound-bent bow back Windsor armchair, with 6 long sticks, 2 short, crook underarms, round seat, turned legs and H stretcher, painted green WS 218

Yorkshire compound-bent bow back Windsor armchair, with 6 long sticks, 2 short, crook underarms, round seat, turned legs and H stretcher, painted green WS 218

The retired dealer mentioned in WS 217 allowed me to record this green painted Windsor chair and told me that he had purchased it many years ago from a Sheffield auction house. He had seen others with their distinctive circular seat and believed that they were produced in Yorkshire. 

Side view WS 218

As is obvious from this picture, the back bow also has the compound bend mentioned in Bowett's RF 2004 article, which he points out is unique among British Windsor chairs. He goes on to say " The top bow is round in section and has a two-dimensional or compound curve; it is not only arched, as are all Windsor top bows, but it is also curved backwards. This gives the chair a barrel-shaped back which is amazingly comfortable, and suggests a sophistication of design which belies their often crude appearance."

An identical chair, again made out of ash wood, passed through the sale room of Summersgills in Easingwold (which is a few miles to the Northwest of York) in September 2017 but was simply described as a "Windsor chair". A third identical chair is located in a Museum in the City of York with the title of a local Windsor chair.

Arm terminal WS 218

Round seat, painted green WS 218 

© William Sergeant 2021